Introduction to Routing IPv6

Introduction to Routing IPv6
Rick Graziani Computer Networking Instructor Cabrillo College

IPv6: The Protocol Review from Introduction to IPv6

Field’s Name Kept from IPv4 to IPv6 Name and Position Changed in IPv6
Fragment Offset Flags Total Length Type of Service IHL Padding Options Destination Address Source Address Header Checksum Protocol Time to Live Identification Version IPv6 Next Header Hop Limit Flow Label Traffic Class Destination Address Source Address Payload Length Version Field’s Name Kept from IPv4 to IPv6 Fields Not Kept in IPv6 Name and Position Changed in IPv6 New Field in IPv6 Legend Many important differences including: Larger Address Space Use of Neighbor Discovery Protocol for discovery of prefix, prefix length, default gateway, duplicate address detection, and MAC address resolution. Automatic address configuration without using DHCP (DHCPv6 is still an option) No en route fragmentation: only the source node can fragment Increased default MTU

IPv6 Address Notation 128-bit IPv6 addresses are represented in:
One Hex digit = 4 bits 128-bit IPv6 addresses are represented in: Eight 16-bit segments Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF Separated by colons Example: 3ffe:1944:0100:000a:0000:00bc:2500:0d0b

Rule 1: Leading 0’s Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses. The first rule is: The leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written. Example 3ffe : 1944 : 0100 : 000a : 0000 : 00bc : 2500 : 0d0b 3ffe : 1944 : 100 : a : 0 : bc : 2500 : d0b If any 16-bit segment has fewer than four hexadecimal digits, it is assumed that the missing digits are leading zeroes.

Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000
The second rule can reduce this address even further: Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon. ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005 ff02 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5 ff02 : : 5 ff02::5

Network Prefixes IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount. or /24 IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length). Prefix length notation: 3ffe:1944:100:a::/64 bits The address is followed by a forward slash and a decimal number indicating how many of the first bits of the address are the prefix bits.

All 0’s IPv6 Address All zeroes IPv6 address can be written with a double colon :: There are two cases where an all-zeroes address is used. 1. Default address, address is all zeroes and the prefix length is zero: ::/0 2. Unspecified address, which is used in some Neighbor Discovery Protocol procedures (later). An unspecified address is a filler, indicating the absence of a real IPv6 address. When writing an unspecified address, it is differentiated from a default address by its prefix length: ::/128

IPv6 Loopback Address Equivalent to 127.0.0.1 in IPv4
This address is used when a host talks to itself. Loopback or Local Host Address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1/128 or ::1/128

Interface Identifiers in IPv6 Addresses
In IPv6, a link is a network medium over which network nodes communicate using the link layer. Interface identifiers (IDs) in IPv6 addresses: Used to identify a unique interface on a link Thought of as the “host portion” of an IPv6 address. 64 bits: To support both 48 bit and 64 bit IEEE MAC addresses Required to be unique on a link Subnets using auto addressing must be /64s. There may be an option for DHCP and static subnets. Static or Dynamic (next)

Automatic EUI-64 option for Ethernet Interface ID
Example coming soon! Determined from Neighbor Discovery Router Advertisement (autoconfig) or statically (eui-64) 3BA7:94FF:FE07:CBD0

Three types of IPv6 Addresses
The three types of IPv6 address follow: 1. Unicast Global Unicast Globally unique Routed globally with no modification Link Local Unicast Unique Local Address 2. Multicast 3. Anycast Unlike IPv4, there is no IPv6 broadcast address. There is, however, an "all nodes" multicast address, which serves essentially the same purpose as a broadcast address.

IPv6 Address Types

Prefix Designation and Explanation IPv4 Equivalent 2000::/3 Global Unicast Other than the exceptions documented in this table, the operators of networks using these addresses can be found using the Whois servers of the RIRs listed in the registry at: No equivalent single block ff00::/8 Example: ff01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 Multicast These addresses are used to identify multicast groups. They should only be used as destination addresses, never as source addresses. /4

Prefix Designation and Explanation IPv4 Equivalent fe80::/10 Example: fe80::200:5aee:feaa:20a2 Link-Local Addresses These addresses are used on a single link or a non-routed common access network, such as an Ethernet LAN. They do not need to be unique outside of that link. Link-local addresses may appear as the source or destination of an IPv6 packet. Routers must not forward IPv6 packets if the source or destination contains a link-local address. /16

Link-Local Scope Multicast Addresses

Subnetting IPv6 A typical IPv6 site prefix will be /48
2340:1111:AAAA::/48 A typical IPv6 site prefix will be /48 This creates a 16 bit subnet part of the address structure Allows for 216, or 65,536, subnets! There are no concerns about needing an all 0’s or all 1’s subnet in IPv6! 64 bit host field allows for 264 hosts per subnet. More than 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 addresses per subnet. Allows of the automatic IPv6 address assignment features to work well (later).

Subnetting IPv6 4 specific subnets to be used inside Company1:
/64 4 specific subnets to be used inside Company1: 2340:1111:AAAA:0001::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0002::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0003::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0004::/64 Note: A valid abbreviation is to remove the 3 leading 0’s from the first shown quartet. 2340:1111:AAAA:1::/64

Preparing an IPv6 Addressing Plan
ripe.net/training/material/IPv6-for-LIRs-Training.../IPv6_addr_plan4.pdf

Routing IPv6

IPv6 Routing Protocols Exactly the same as IPv4 routing protocols only different. We will only discuss the first three: IPv6 Static routes OSPFv3 (defined in RFC 5340, OSPF for IPv6) EIGRP for IPv6 RIP next generation (RIPng) (defined in RFC 2080, RIPng for IPv6) Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (MP-BGP4 or MBGP) (defined in RFC 2545, Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing, and RFC 4760, Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4)

Interface Configuration

Our Topology 2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64 Fa0/0 Using /64’s on Point-to-Point serial links just for simplicity S0/0/0 DCE S0/0/1 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0A02::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0B01::/64 DCE S0/0/0 S0/0/1 2340:1111:AAAA:0A03::/64 DCE S0/1/0 S0/0/0 S0/0/1 DCE S0/0/0 DCE S0/1/1 S0/0/1 2340:1111:AAAA:0B02::/64 Fa0/0 Fa0/0 Fa0/0 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0103::/64 4444:0000:0000:4001::/64

ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command
R1(config)# ipv6 router rip luigi % IPv6 routing not enabled R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing R1(config-rtr)# ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command Enables IPv6 routing Required before any ipv6 routing protocol can be configured Note: We will not be discussing RIPng (RIP for IPv6)

Just to make life easier….
R1(config)# line con 0 R1(config-line)# logging synchronous R1(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0 R1(config-line)# exit R1(config)# no ip domain-lookup

R1 ipv6 unicast-routing interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address
ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/64 ! interface Serial0/0/0 ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/64 clock rate 64000 interface Serial0/0/1 ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1/64

ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:102::1/64 ! interface Serial0/0/0 ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2/64 interface Serial0/0/1 ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::1/64 clock rate 64000

ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:103::1/64 ! interface Serial0/0/0 ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::2/64 clock rate 64000 interface Serial0/0/1 ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::2/64 interface Serial0/1/0 ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::1/64 interface Serial0/1/1 ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::1/64

ipv6 address 4444:0:0:4001::1/64 ! interface Serial0/0/0 ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::2/64 interface Serial0/0/1 ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::2/64 The address is followed by a forward slash and a decimal number indicating how many of the first bits of the address are the prefix bits.

Verify R1# show ip inter brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/ unassigned YES unset up up FastEthernet0/ unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0/ unassigned YES unset up up Serial0/0/ unassigned YES unset up up R1# R1# show ipv6 inter brief FastEthernet0/ [up/up] FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1 FastEthernet0/ [administratively down/down] Serial0/0/ [up/up] 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 Serial0/0/ [up/up] 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1

Verify R1 #ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::2 Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms R1#

Verify ICMPv6 R1# debug ipv6 packet
IPv6 unicast packet debugging is on R1# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms R1# *Jun 19 16:19:13.181: IPv6: SAS picked source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 for 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0) *Jun 19 16:19:13.181: IPV6: source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 (local) *Jun 19 16:19:13.181: dest 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0) *Jun 19 16:19:13.181: traffic class 0, flow 0x0, len 100+0, prot 58, hops 64, originating Jun 19 16:19:13.241: IPV6: source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0) *Jun 19 16:19:13.241: dest 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 *Jun 19 16:19:13.241: traffic class 0, flow 0x0, len 100+4, prot 58, hops 64, forward to ulp R1# un all ICMPv6

Link-local Addresses Scope is confined to a single link.
R1# show ipv6 inter brief FastEthernet0/ [up/up] FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1 FastEthernet0/ [administratively down/down] Serial0/0/ [up/up] 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 Serial0/0/ [up/up] 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1 R1# If no IEEE 802 interface types are in the router, link-local IPv6 addresses are generated on the interfaces in the router in the following sequence: 1. The router is queried for MAC addresses (from the pool of MAC addresses in the router). 2. If no MAC addresses are available in the router, the serial number of the router is used to form the link-local addresses. 3. If the serial number of the router cannot be used to form the link-local addresses, the router uses a message digest algorithm 5 (MD5) hash to determine the MAC address of the router from the hostname of the router. Scope is confined to a single link. Uniqueness is assured only on one link. Not routable off the link Device can determine its own link local IPv6 address without needing to communicate with any other device Ethernet link-local address uses MAC-address (EUI-64) for Interface ID Considered best practice to statically configure link local address (Interface ID) on serial interfaces (later).

Link-local Addresses R1# show inter fa 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is MV96340 Ethernet, address is 001b.0cc2.82d8 (bia 001b.0cc2.82d8) <output omitted for brevity> R1# show ipv6 inter fa 0/0 IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 No Virtual link-local address(es): Global unicast address(es): 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, subnet is 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 48 bit MAC Address: 001b.0cc2.82d8 b c c d 8 b c F F F E c d 8 link-local address is FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8

Static Link-local Unique on the link Used Router Number for simplicity
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 ? link-local Use link-local address R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 link-local R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R1# show ipv6 inter brief FastEthernet0/ [up/up] FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1 FastEthernet0/ [administratively down/down] Serial0/0/ [up/up] FE80::1 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 Serial0/0/ [up/up] 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1 R1# Unique on the link Used Router Number for simplicity R1: FE80::1

Static Link-local R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::2 link-local R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R3(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::3 link-local R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/0 R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/1 R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R4(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::4 link-local R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/1

L = Local not Link-local
R1# show ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP U - Per-user Static route C :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L :1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0] C :1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L :1111:AAAA:A01::1/128 [0/0] C :1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 L :1111:AAAA:A03::1/128 [0/0] L FE80::/10 [0/0] via ::, Null0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] R1# R1# show ipv6 inter brief <output omitted for brevity> Serial0/0/ [up/up] FE80::1 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 Serial0/0/ [up/up] 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1 Due to the nature of link-local addresses, the specific FE80::/10 prefix (link local networks) does not appear in the routing table L = Local not Link-local

R1# ping fe80::2 Output Interface: ser 0/0/0 % Invalid interface. Use full interface name without spaces (e.g. Serial0/1) Output Interface: serial 0/0/0 Output Interface: serial0/0/0 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::2, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of FE80::1 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms R1# So it is necessary to specify from which interface packets should be sourced when you ping a link-local address:

IPv6 Routing Table… first look
R2# show ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP U - Per-user Static route I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2 ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external C :1111:AAAA:102::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L :1111:AAAA:102::1/128 [0/0] C :1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L :1111:AAAA:A01::2/128 [0/0] C :1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 L :1111:AAAA:A02::1/128 [0/0] L FE80::/10 [0/0] via ::, Null0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] Connected routes occur for any interface IPv6 unicast address that has more than link local scope The local routes are all /128 routes and are essentially host routes for the router’s IPv6 unicast address. These local routes allow the router to more efficiently process packets directed to the router itself rather than for packet directed toward connected subnets.

The IPv6 Neighbor Table NA (Sent in response to NS)
NS (Request for another node’s Link Layer Address) 2340:1111:AAAA::1/64 2340:1111:AAAA::/64 Link-local: fe80::50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1 Global Unicast: 2340:1111:aaaa:0:50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1 IPv6-Router# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1 !!!!! *Mar 1 00:08:28.779: ICMPv6-ND: Sending NS for 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on FastEthernet0/0 *Mar 1 00:08:28.783: ICMPv6-ND: Received NA for 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on FastEthernet0/0 from 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 *Mar 1 00:08:28.787: ICMPv6-ND: Neighbor 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on FastEthernet0/0 : LLA bd9.c644 IPv6-Router# un all IPv6-Router# show ipv6 neighbors IPv6 Address Age Link-layer Addr State Interface 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E bd9.c644 REACH Fa0/0 FE80::50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E bd9.c644 REACH Fa0/0 2340:1111:AAAA:0:88C1:6A44:D6AF: bd9.c644 REACH Fa0/0 Used debug ipv6 nd Replaces the IPv4 ARP table Uses NDP Neighbor Solicitation and Neighbor Advertisement Messages

Static Routes

Static Routes Router(config)# ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length {ipv6-address | interface-type interface-number [ipv6-address]} [administrative-distance] [administrative-multicast-distance | unicast | multicast] [next-hop-address] [tag tag] Types of static routes (same as IPv4) A directly attached static route is created using only the interface-type and interface-number parameters. Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32 serial 0/0/0 A recursive static route is created using only the next-hop address parameter. Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/ :12::1 A fully specified static route includes both the outgoing interface and the next hop address. Router(config)# ipv6 route 2002:c00l::/32 fa 0/0 2001:12::1 A floating static route Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32 ser 0/0/0 15

Default Static Route Router(config)# ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length {ipv6-address | interface-type interface-number [ipv6-address]} [administrative-distance] [administrative-multicast-distance | unicast | multicast] [next-hop-address] [tag tag] IPv6 default static route, which is equivalent to IPv4 ip route Router(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 serial 0/0/0

Static Routes: Example
R1(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64 ser 0/0/0 R1# show ipv6 route <output omitted> S :1111:AAAA:102::/64 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 C :1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0] R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/ :1111:AAAA:0A01::1 R2# show ipv6 route <output omitted> S :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [1/0] via 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms R2#

Static Routes: Using Link-local address as the next-hop interface
R2(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/ :1111:AAAA:0A01::1 R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 fe80::1 % Interface has to be specified for a link-local nexthop R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 ser 0/0/0 fe80::1 R2# show ipv6 route S :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [1/0] via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0 R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms R2# Remember, due to the nature of link-local addresses, specific link- local networks do not appear in the routing table because they are considered to be available via all IPv6 interfaces.

Static Routes: clean-up…
R1(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64 ser 0/0/0 R2(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 ser 0/0/0 fe80::1 Before we move on to dynamic routing remove all static routes Verify that there are no static routes with show ipv6 route

EIGRP for IPv6

EIGRP vs EIGRP for IPv6 EIGRP IPv4 IPv6 Advertises routes for…
Layer 3 protocol for EIGRP messages Layer 3 header protocol type 88 UDP Port N/A Uses Successor, Feasible Successor yes Uses Dual Supports VLSM Can perform automatic summarization Uses triggered updates Default metric bandwidth and delay Multicast Update destination FF02::10 Authentication EIGRP-specific IPv6 AH/ESP

EIGRP for IPv6 Available in Cisco IOS Release 12.4(6)T and later
EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 are configured and managed separately although many of the commands are similar. EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on a per-interface basis, no network command is used. EIGRP for IPv6 has a shutdown feature which is the default state. EIGRP for IPv6 does not do automatic summarization like EIGRP for IPv4. EIGRP for IPv6 sees the neighbors link-local address as the next-hop IP address (neighbor table, topology table, routing table). EIGRP for IPv6 does not require neighbors to be in the same IPv6 subnet to become neighbors.

EIGRP for IPv6 EIGRP Router ID decision steps based on IPv4 configuration: Use the configured value (using the eigrp router-id a.b.c.d EIGRP subcommand under the ipv6 router eigrp command) Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up loopback interface Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up non-loopback interface Note: In an IPv6 only environment the eigrp router-id command must be used otherwise the router will not form any EIGRP adjacencies. IOS lets you stop and start the EIGRP process with the shutdown and no shutdown router mode subcommands. After initial configuration, the EIGRP for IPv6 process starts in shutdown mode, To start the EIGRP process it is required to issue the no shutdown

EIGRP for IPv6: All routers

Configuring R1 EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on the interfaces.
R1(config)# inter fa 0/0 R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100 R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on the interfaces. There are no network commands

Routing Table… R1# show ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries <output omitted> D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external C :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L :1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0] C :1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L :1111:AAAA:A01::1/128 [0/0] C :1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1 L :1111:AAAA:A03::1/128 [0/0] L FE80::/10 [0/0] via ::, Null0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] There are no EIGRP IPv6 routes in the routing table... yet.

Show ipv6 protocols R1# show ipv6 protocols IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected" IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static" IPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100" EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 Interfaces: Redistribution: None Maximum path: 16 Distance: internal 90 external 170 R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100 % EIGRP 100 is in SHUTDOWN R1# There is an EIGRP 100 for IPv6 process but the interfaces are not yet enabled for EIGRP IPv6 because the process is shutdown.

Enabling EIGRP for IPv6 R1(config)# inter fa 0/0 R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100 R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 <The commands above were already completed> R1(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100 R1(config-rtr)# router-id ? A.B.C.D EIGRP Router-ID in IP address format R1(config-rtr)# router-id R1(config-rtr)# no shutdown The EIGRP for IPv6 process must be enabled with the no shutdown command.

Verifying R1# show ipv6 protocols IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected" IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static" IPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100" EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 Interfaces: FastEthernet0/0 Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/1 Redistribution: None Maximum path: 16 Distance: internal 90 external 170 R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100 The EIGRP for IPv6 process has been enabled but we don’t have any neighbors... yet.

Configuring R2 Neighbor adjacencies begin for form...
R2(config)# inter fa 0/0 R2(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100 R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R2(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100 R2(config-rtr)# router-id R2(config-rtr)# no shutdown R2(config-rtr)# end R2# *Jun 19 22:37:40.668: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IPv6-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor FE80::1 (Serial0/0/0) is up: new adjacency *Jun 19 22:37:41.248: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Neighbor adjacencies begin for form...

Configuring R3 R3(config)# inter fa 0/0 R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/0 R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/1 R3(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100 R3(config-rtr)# router-id R3(config-rtr)# no shutdown

Configuring R4 R4(config)# inter fa 0/0 R4(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R4(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100 R4(config-rtr)# router-id R4(config-rtr)# no shutdown

Verifying R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100 H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 1 Link-local address: Se0/0/ :05: FE80::3 0 Link-local address: Se0/0/ :08: FE80::2 R1# Notice that EIGRP for IPv6 uses link-local addresses to exchange EIGRP messages.

EIGRP for IPv6 Topology Table
R1# show ipv6 eigrp topology IPv6-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID( ) Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - reply Status, s - sia Status P 4444:0:0:4001::/64, 1 successors, FD is via FE80::3 ( / ), Serial0/0/1 P 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64, 1 successors, FD is via FE80::3 ( /28160), Serial0/0/1 P 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64, 1 successors, FD is via Connected, Serial0/0/1 P 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::/64, 1 successors, FD is via FE80::3 ( / ), Serial0/0/1 P 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64, 1 successors, FD is via FE80::2 ( / ), Serial0/0/0 P 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64, 1 successors, FD is via FE80::2 ( /28160), Serial0/0/0 P 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64, 1 successors, FD is P 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64, 1 successors, FD is via Connected, Serial0/0/0 P 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64, 1 successors, FD is 28160 via Connected, FastEthernet0/0 R1# .

IPv6 Routing Table Link-local address is next-hop address
R1# show ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 14 entries Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP <output omitted> D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external C :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L :1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0] D :1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/ ] via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0 D :1111:AAAA:103::/64 [90/ ] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 D :1111:AAAA:B01::/64 [90/ ] D :1111:AAAA:B02::/64 [90/ ] D :0:0:4001::/64 [90/ ] Link-local address is next-hop address

Verify R1# ping 4444:0:0:4001::1 Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4444:0:0:4001::1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/60 ms R1#

R4  R3 R4# show ipv6 eigrp neighbors
IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100 H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 1 Link-local address: Se0/0/ :04: FE80::3 0 Link-local address: Se0/0/ :04: R4#

R4’s IPv6 Routing Table All 2340:1111:AAAA networks are via R3
R4# show ipv6 route D :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [90/ ] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0 D :1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/ ] D :1111:AAAA:103::/64 [90/ ] D :1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [90/ ] D :1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [90/ ] D :1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [90/ ] <output omitted> All 2340:1111:AAAA networks are via R3

Summary address.. Summarize all 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 routes to R4
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/0 R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp :1111:AAAA::/48 R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/1 R3# show ipv6 route D :1111:AAAA::/48 [5/28160] via ::, Null0 <output omitted> Summarize all 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 routes to R4 Null0 route added for summary route

Summary address.. Reduced routing table for R4 R4# show ipv6 route
D :1111:AAAA::/48 [90/ ] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 C :1111:AAAA:B01::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 <output omitted> R4# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1 !!!!! Reduced routing table for R4

EIGRP for IPv6: Default Route
Static

Default Route (One method)
R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/0 R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/1 R4# show ipv6 route S :1111:AAAA::/48 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 via ::, Serial0/0/1 R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 ::/0 R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/0 R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/1 R3# show ipv6 route S ::/0 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/1/0 via ::, Serial0/1/1 <output omitted> Propagate an EIGRP ::/0 summary route to R1 and R2 Create the default static route Verify static route

Verify Static Route R1# show ipv6 route D ::/0 [90/2172416]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 C :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L :1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0] D :1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/ ] via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0 <output omitted> R1# ping 4444::1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4444::1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/56 ms R1#

OSPFv3

OSPFv2 vs OSPFv3 OSPF OSPFv2 (IPv4) OSPFv3 (IPv6)
Advertises routes for… IPv4 IPv6 Layer 3 protocol IP Protocol Type 89 Source IP address IPv4 address IPv6 link-local Multicast – all SPF routers FF02::5 Multicast – All Designated routers FF02::6 Uses Link State logic yes Supports VLSM RID process, compared to OSPFv2 same LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2 Area structure compared to OSPFv2 Packet types

OSPFv2 vs OSPFv3 OSPF OSPFv2 (IPv4) OSPFv3 (IPv6)
LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2 same RID yes 32-bit LSID Cost metric, bandwidth Supports route tags DR/BDR election compared to OSPFv2 Periodic re-flooding every… 30 minutes Authentication OSPF-specific IPv6 AH/ESP Neighbor checks compared to OSPFv2 no "same subnet" check Multiple instances per interface no OSPF interfaces connect to links instead of to IP subnets. Multiple IPv6 subnets can be assigned to a single link Two nodes can talk directly over a single link even if they do not share a common IPv6 subnet (IPv6 prefix): The use their link-local addresses, rather than the global unicast addresses, to communicate. OSPF for IPv6 therefore runs per-link instead of the IPv4 behavior of per-IP-subnet A single link could belong to multiple areas. By default, the instance ID is 0

OSPFv3 OSPFv3 is OSPF for IPv6 (RFC 2740):
Based on OSPFv2, with enhancements Same mechanisms as IPv4, but a major rewrite of the internals of the protocol Distributes IPv6 prefixes Runs directly over IPv6 OSPFv3 & v2 can be run concurrently, because each address family has a separate SPF (ships in the night). OSPFv3 uses the same basic packet types as OSPFv2: Hello Database description blocks (DDB) Link state request (LSR) Link state update (LSU) Link state acknowledgement (ACK) Neighbor discovery and adjacency formation mechanism are identical. LSA flooding and aging mechanisms are identical.

OSPFv3 OSPFv3 Router ID decision steps based on OSPFv2 configuration:
Use the configured value (using the ospf router-id a.b.c.d OSPF subcommand under the ipv6 router ospf command) Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up loopback interface Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up non-loopback interface Note: In an IPv6 only environment the ospf router-id command must be used otherwise the router will not form any OSPF adjacencies. The multicast addresses used by OSPFv3 are as follows: FF02::5— All SPF routers on the link-local scope; equivalent to in OSPFv2. FF02::6— All designated routers (DRs) on the link-local scope; equivalent to in OSPFv2.

OSPFv3 (Single Area) Removed all EIGRP for IPv6 commands and IPv6 default static routes Default Static

Configuring R1 Enable OSPF on the interface.
R1(config)# inter fa 0/0 R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R1(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1 R1(config-rtr)# router-id Enable OSPF on the interface. Create the OSPF process (do not need to do no shutdown)

Configuring R2 R2(config)# inter fa 0/0
R2(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R2(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1 R2(config-rtr)# router-id

Configuring R3 Configure static default routes pointing to R4.
R3(config)# inter fa 0/0 R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0 R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/0 R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/1 R3(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1 R3(config-rtr)# router-id R3(config-rtr)# default-information originate Configure static default routes pointing to R4. Propagate default into OSPF domain (use always option if there is not a static default configured).

Configuring R4 Configure static routes on R4.
R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/0 R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/1 R4# show ipv6 route S :1111:AAAA::/48 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 via ::, Serial0/0/1 Configure static routes on R4.

R3’s OSPFv3 and Static Routes
R3# show ipv6 route S ::/0 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/1/1 via ::, Serial0/1/0 O :1111:AAAA:101::/64 [110/782] via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0 O :1111:AAAA:102::/64 [110/782] via FE80::2, Serial0/0/1 O :1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [110/845] <output omitted> Static default route and OSPF routes.

R1’s OSPFv3 Routes OSPF routes including default.
R1# show ipv6 route ospf <output omitted> O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2 ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external OE2 ::/0 [110/1], tag 1 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 O :1111:AAAA:102::/64 [110/65] via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0 O :1111:AAAA:103::/64 [110/65] O :1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [110/128] R1# R1# ping 4444::1 !!!!! OSPF routes including default.

Show ipv6 ospf neighbor Notice IPv4 Router-IDs.
R1# show ipv6 ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface ID Interface FULL/ :00: Serial0/0/1 FULL/ :00: Serial0/0/0 R1# Notice IPv4 Router-IDs.

Show ipv6 ospf Similar to OSPFv2 R1# show ipv6 ospf
Routing Process "ospfv3 1" with ID SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs LSA group pacing timer 240 secs Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x007A8B Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps Area BACKBONE(0) Number of interfaces in this area is 3 SPF algorithm executed 8 times Number of LSA 11. Checksum Sum 0x06DDB0 Number of DCbitless LSA 0 Number of indication LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 Flood list length 0

Show ipv6 ospf interface
Link local address of router is shown. Used as source address for OSPFv3 packets. R1# show ipv6 ospf inter ser 0/0/0 Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up Link Local Address FE80::1, Interface ID 6 Area 0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT, Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 00:00:02 Index 1/2/2, flood queue length 0 Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last flood scan length is 2, maximum is 2 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

Notes for CCNP Instructors/Students
Router(config)# interface Fa0/0 Router(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 51 stub Router(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1 Router(config-rtr)# area 0 range 2340:1111::/32 Router(config-rtr)# summary-prefix 2001:1111::/32 Stub and Totally Stubby (stub no-summary) areas configured on the stub interface Summarizes area 0’s routes to other areas as 2340:1111::/32 (ABR) Summarizes external routes being redistributed into OSPF (ASBR) IPv4 CEF and dCEF are enabled by default. IPv6 CEF and dCEF are disabled by default, but automatically enabled when you configure IPv6 routing. To enable IPv6 CEF, use the ipv6 cef command

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